Emapalumab With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide, Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil for the Prevention of Graft-versus-Host Disease After Donor Reduced-Intensity Hematopoietic Cell Transplant
This phase I trial tests the safety, side effects and effectiveness of emapalumab with post-transplant cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil in preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after reduced-intensity donor (allogeneic) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). Giving chemotherapy, such as fludarabine, melphalan, or busulfan, before a donor \[peripheral blood stem cell\] transplant helps kill cancer cells in the body and helps make room in the patient's bone marrow for new blood-forming cells (stem cells) to grow. When healthy stem cells for a donor are infused into a patient (allogeneic HCT), they may help the patient's bone marrow make more healthy cells and platelets. Allogeneic HCT is an established treatment, however, GVHD continues to be a major problem of allogeneic HCT that can complicate therapy. GVHD is a disease caused when cells from a donated stem cell graft attack the normal tissue of the transplant patient. Emapalumab binds to an immune system protein called interferon gamma. This may help lower the body's immune response and reduce inflammation. Cyclophosphamide is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. It works by damaging the cell's deoxyribonucleic acid and may kill cancer cells. It may also lower the body's immune response. Tacrolimus is a drug used to help reduce the risk of rejection by the body of organ and bone marrow transplants. Mycophenolate mofetil is a drug used to prevent GVHD after organ transplants. It is also being studied in the prevention of GVHD after stem cell transplants for cancer, and in the treatment of some autoimmune disorders. Mycophenolate mofetil is a type of immunosuppressive agent. Giving emapalumab with post-transplant cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil may be safe, tolerable and/or effective in preventing GVHD in patients with AML or MDS after a reduced-intensity allogeneic HCT.