Placebo Administration

This phase II trial tests how well olanzapine works in managing cancer cachexia in patients experiencing esophagogastric, hepatopancreaticobiliary, colorectal, or lung cancer that may have spread from where it first started to nearby tissue, lymph nodes, or distant parts of the body (advanced) or that has spread from where it first started (primary site) to other places in the body (metastatic) -associated appetite loss while receiving non-curative cancer therapy. Loss of appetite ("anorexia") in the setting of cancer is a key feature of "cachexia," a syndrome associated with loss of weight and muscle as well as weakness and fatigue. Olanzapine is a drug that targets key neurotransmitters (a type of molecule in the central nervous system that transmits messages to the rest of the body) that may stimulate appetite, restore caloric intake, minimize weight loss, and improve quality of life (QOL).

This phase I/II trial tests the safety, side effects and best dose of selinexor given in combination with the usual chemotherapy (temozolomide) and compares the effect of this combination therapy versus the usual chemotherapy alone (temozolomide) in treating patients with glioblastoma that has come back (recurrent). Selinexor is in a class of medications called selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE). It works by blocking a protein called CRM1, which may keep cancer cells from growing and may kill them. Temozolomide is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. It works by damaging the cell's deoxyribonucleic acid and may kill tumor cells and slow down or stop tumor growth. Giving selinexor in combination with usual chemotherapy (temozolomide) may shrink or stabilize the tumor better than the usual chemotherapy with temozolomide alone in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

This phase III trial compares the effect of xylitol dental wipes to dental wipes without xylitol for the reduction of bloodstream infection in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar compound found in fruits and vegetables. Xylitol has been shown to limit the growth of bacteria in the mouth, and to reduce cavities, plaque on the teeth, and inflammation of the gums. Treatment for AML includes chemotherapy. Patients receiving chemotherapy for AML have a risk of developing bloodstream infections. Bloodstream infections can make patients very sick, can contribute to delays in treatment, and can even cause death. In AML patients, bacteria or fungus (yeast) can sometimes enter the bloodstream from the mouth. Using xylitol dental wipes may help to reduce bloodstream infections in children being treated for AML.

This phase I/II trial studies the safety, side effects and best dose of M3814 and to see how well it works when given together with radiation therapy in treating patients with pancreatic cancer that has spread to nearby tissue or lymph nodes (locally advanced). M3814 may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Hypofractionated radiation therapy delivers higher doses of radiation therapy over a shorter period of time and may kill more tumor cells and have fewer side effects. Giving M3814 and hypofractionated radiation therapy together may be safe, tolerable and/or more effective than radiation therapy alone in treating patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

This MyeloMATCH Master Screening and Reassessment Protocol (MSRP) evaluates the use of a screening tool and specific laboratory tests to help improve participants' ability to register to clinical trials throughout the course of their myeloid cancer (acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome) treatment. This study involves testing patients' bone marrow and blood for certain biomarkers. A biomarker (sometimes called a marker) is any molecule in the body that can be measured. Doctors look at markers to learn what is happening in the body. Knowing about certain markers can give doctors more information about what is driving the cancer and how to treat it. Testing patients' bone marrow and blood will show doctors if patients have markers that specific drugs can target. The marker testing in this study will let doctors know if they can match patients with a treatment study (myeloMATCH clinical trial) that tests treatment for the type of cancer they have or continue standard of care treatment with their doctor on the Tier Advancement Pathway (TAP).

This phase II trial investigates how well the addition of olaparib following completion of surgery and chemotherapy works in treating patients with pancreatic cancer that has been surgically removed (resected) and has a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2. Olaparib is an inhibitor of PARP, an enzyme that helps repair deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) when it becomes damaged. Blocking PARP may help keep tumor cells from repairing their damaged DNA, causing them to die. PARP inhibitors are a type of targeted therapy.

This phase III trial compares the effect of vorasidenib to placebo in combination with usual treatment, temozolomide, in treating patients with newly diagnosed grade 3 astrocytoma after radiation. Temozolomide is in a class of medications called alkylating agents. It works by damaging the cell's deoxyribonucleic acid and may kill tumor cells and slow down or stop tumor growth. Vorasidenib citrate blocks the proteins made by the mutated IDH1 and IDH2 genes, which may help keep tumor cells from growing. It is a type of enzyme inhibitor and a type of targeted therapy. Adding vorasidenib to the usual treatment, temozolomide, may be more effective than temozolomide alone in treating patients with newly diagnosed grade 3 astrocytoma after radiation therapy.